Mouse Orthotopic Lung Cancer Model Induced by PC14PE6 / Journal of the Korean Cancer Association, 대한암학회지

PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to investigate in detail the xenograft mouse orthotopic lung cancer model induced by PC14PE6 adenocarcinoma cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three cell doses (0.5x10(6); 1x10(6); 2x10(6)) of PC14PE6 cells were injected into the lungs of male BALB/c nude mice by the intrathoracic injection method. The lung and other organs, including brain, liver, spleen, kidney, muscle, adrenal gland, and lymph node on knee, were removed and stained with H/E to detect the presence of tumor cells. RESULTS: The reliable tumorigenicity time in the PC14PE6 adenocarcinoma cell-inoculated BALB/c nude mouse was 10 days after intrathoracic injection. The average life span of the three groups after inoculation was 14 days in the 2x10(6) cells inoculum group; 25 days in the 1x10(6) cells inoculum group; and 32 days in the 0.5x10(6) cells inoculum group. The PC14PE6 adenocarcinoma cells induced orthotopic lung cancer limited within the thorax. CONCLUSIONS: This orthotopic lung cancer model is an efficient cancer model with easy inoculation methods, rapid and high tumorigenicity, and simple monitoring methods for metastasis.

The Nutritional Intakes of the Colorectal Cancer Patients in Daegu, Kyungpook Area Korea

The present study was conducted to analyze the status of food and nutrients intakes of the colorectal cancer patients in the Daegu.Kyungpook area and to find dietary risk factors related to the occurrence of colorectal cancer in this community. The case subjects (123) were selected from the patients recently diagnosed as colorectal cancer at Kyungpook National University Hospital, the control subjects (182) were selected from the patients of the Department of Orthopedic Surgery at the same hospital and from the healthy volunteers who did not have any gastrointestinal diseases. The food consumption survey was done by individual interviews using semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and nutrients intakes were analysed by CAN program. The results of the study suggested that dietary factors which are speculated as the risk factors of colorectal cancer in Daegu.Kyungpook area were high consumption of cereals and oils, low consumption of fruits and mushrooms, high consumption of energy and fat, especially animal fat, low consumption of dietary fiber, high percentage of energy intake from cereals and potatoes, high intakes of protein, fat, vitamin A and cholesterol from egg, low intake of calcium from vegetables, and high intake of iron from meats and eggs. These findings might be useful for the nutrition education to prevent colorectal cancer in the community. However it is recommended to conduct more extensive and systematic survey to reconfirm these dietary risk factors under taking into consideration of the dietary characteristics in this region.

Analysis of Dietary Risk Factors of the Colorectal Cancer Patients in Daegu.Kyungpook Area, Korea(I) : A Study on Lifestyle and Eating Behaviors of the Colorectal Cancer Patients

The purposes of this study were to investigate the characteristics of lifestyle and dietary habits of the colorectal cancer patients in Daegu and Kyungpook areas and to collect the data useful for nutrition education for the prevention of colorectal cancer in this community. The case subjects of the study were 123 patients diagnosed recently as colorectal cancer at Kyungpook National University Hospital. The control subjects were 182 persons who did not have any gastrointestinal diseases, including the patients from the department of orthopedic surgery and healthy volunteers. The survey covering general characteristics, life style, dietary habits, eating behaviors, and food intake frequency was administered by individual interviews using questionnaires. The results of the study suggest that high BMI, daily life stress, pessimistic personality, lack of physical activities, and familial cancer history might be the possible risk factors for the incidence of colorectal cancer. Dietary factors suspected as risk factors for colorectal cancer in the present study included strong preferences to meats, salty and fatty taste foods, low intake of water, alcohol drinking, smoking, coffee intake and irregular eating habits. A high consumption of seaweeds, green-yellow vegetables, light-colored vegetables, and green tea was suggested as a preventive factor for colorectal cancer. It is recommended to conduct more extensive and systematic surveys in the near future to reconfirm the risk factors of colorectal cancer in consideration of the characteristic food culture in this community. The results of the present study may be applied to nutritional education for the prevention of colorectal cancer for the local residents.

Clinical Experience of Silicone Airway Stent in the Management of Benign Tracheobronchial Stenosis / 결핵및호흡기질환

BACKGROUND: The clinical results of a Natural stent in patients with a benign tracheobronchial stenosis were examined by comparing the clinical outcomes and complications of those patients who underwent Dumon and Natural stenting in the management of benign airway stenosis. METHODS: The medical records of 94 patients (39 Dumon and 55 Natural stent) with a benign tracheobronchial stenosis were reviewed and analyzed. RESULTS: Post-tuberculous stenosis was the leading indication for airway stenting (74%), which was followed by post-intubation stenosis (21%). After intervention, the dyspnea had improved among those patients who underwent Dumon (90%) and Natural (86%) stenting. After stabilizing the dyspnea, the stent could be successfully removed in half of the patients who underwent both Dumon (54%) and Natural (49%) stenting. During the 42 month follow-up period, the complication rate was similar in those patients who underwent Dumon and Natural stenting: migration (46% vs 53%), granulation tissue formation (36% vs 49%), mucostasis (21% vs 16%) and restenosis (51% vs 36%). CONCLUSION: The clinical results of Natural airway stent was similar to those of Dumon stent in the management of benign tracheobronchial stenosis.

The Nutritional Intakes of the Stomach Cancer Patients in the Daegu and Gyeongbuk Areas, Korea / 대한지역사회영양학회지

The present study was conducted to evaluate the food and nutrients intakes of stomach cancer patients in the Daegu and Gyeongbuk areas in order to find out the dietary risk factors for stomach cancer. The subjects of the study were 102 patients who had recently been diagnosed with stomach cancer at the Gyeongbuk National University Hospital. The control subjects were 105 people including patients from the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and healthy volunteers who did not have any gastrointestinal diseases. Estimates of nutrients intakes were determined from the food intake frequency data obtained by individual interviews using questionnaires. The mean daily calorie intakes of the control and the case groups were not significantly different. However the energy intake from protein was significantly higher in the case group as compared to the control group. With regard to the nutrients intakes, the case subjects consumed significantly higher amounts of nutrients such as protein, calcium, sodium, phosphorus and niacin than the control group. The case group showed a tendency to consume higher amount of protein, fat, calcium and iron from animal food sources. In the present study dietary factors which were suspected as being risk factors for stomach cancer included high consumption of animal foods, specific nutrients such as protein, sodium and niacin, specific food groups such as meat, spices, and low consumption of fruits and mushrooms. Therefore, it is recommended that more extensive and systematic surveys be conducted to confirm the risk factors for stomach cancer, taking into consideration the dietary cultural characteristics of this region.

A Canine Model of Tracheal Stenosis Using Nd-YAG Laser / 결핵

BACKGROUND: Tracheal stenosis is an urgent but uncommon disease. Therefore, primary care clinicians have limited clinical experience. Animal models of a tracheal stenosis can be used conveniently for the learning, teaching, and developing new diagnostic and therapeutic modalities for tracheal stenosis. Recently, a canine model of a tracheal stenosis was developed using a Nd-YAG laser. To describe the methods and results of developed animal model, we performed this study. METHODS: Six Mongrel dogs were generally anesthetized and the anterior 180 degree of tracheal cartilage of the animal was photo-coagulated using a Nd-YAG laser. The animals were bronchoscopically evaluated every week for 4 weeks and a pathologic evaluation was also made. RESULTS: Two weeks after the laser coagulation, the trachea began to stenose and the stenosis progressed through 4 weeks. All animals suffered from shortness of breath, wheezing, and weight loss in the 3 weeks after the laser treatment, and two died of respiratory failure just before the fourth week. The gross pathologic findings showed the loss of cartilage and a dense fibrosis, which resulted in a fibrous stricture of the trachea. Microscopy also showed that the fibrous granulation tissue replaced destroyed cartilage. CONCLUSION: The canine model can assist in the understanding and development of new diagnostic and therapeutic modalities for tracheal stenosis.

The Usefulness and Safety of Natural Stent in a Canine Model of Tracheal Stenosis / 결핵

BACKGROUND: In order to investigate the usefulness and safety of Natural Stent, we performed this study in a canine model of tracheal stenosis induced using Nd-YAG laser. METHODS: After tracheal stenosis was induced in 12 Mongrel dogs using Nd-YAG laser, either Dumon (n=6) or Natural (n=6) stent was inserted into the trachea. To assess the degree of stent migration and mucostasis, bronchoscopy was performed every week for 4 weeks, after which all stents were removed. One week after stent removal, tracheal stenosis was evaluated by bronchoscopy. RESULTS: The degree of stent migration was not different between the dogs with Dumon stent (3.0+/-0.8) and those with Natural (2.0+/-1.0), nor was the degree of mucostasis, at Dumon (1.7+/-0.5) and Natural Stent (1.5+/-0.6), respectively. One week after stent removal, the degree of tracheal stenosis was not different between the Dumon (1.5+/-0.5) and the Natural group (1.0+/-0.4). In addition, there was no death and the degree of tracheal stenosis remained always within the safe limit (less than 2.0) in all animals. CONCLUSION: In a canine model of tracheal stenosis induced using Nd-YAG laser, the usefulness and safety of Natural Stent were similar to those of Dumon Stent. A clinical trial is necessary to document the usefulness and safety of Natural Stent in patients with tracheal stenosis.

Clinical usefulness of KolomarkTM, a Korean radio-opaque marker for measuring colon transit time / 대한내과학회지

BACKGROUND: Among various methods for measuring colon transit time, radio-opaque marker study is simple, reproducible and economical method. The commonly used marker, Sitzmarks (Konsyl Pharmaceuticals Inc. Texas) had limitation in its use due to expensiveness and difficulty in importation. We thought that the new domestic marker comparable to Sitzmarks is necessary and made a Kolomark (Korean colon marker)TM. The comparison of radio-opaqueness and the measurement of colon transit times by two markers were done. METHODS: In two 1000 ml beakers, 350 ml of rice-gruel, several chicken-bones and ten rings of Sitzmarks and KolomarkTM were mixed separately. Then, X-ray films of the two beakers were taken. The digital image file was analyzed by Image and the value of pixels were obtained. These were repeated five times. Colon transit times were measured in 60 healthy persons stratified by age, 30 by Sitzmarks and 30 by KolomarkTM. RESULTS: The mean value of pixel of KolomarkTM was much lower than that of Sitzmarks. The difference between background or beaker and KolomarkTM was much greater than that of Sitzmarks . There was no significant difference between colon transit time studied by Sitzmarks and KolomarkTM. CONCLUSION: KolomarkTM, a more radio-opaque and cheaper marker than Sitzmarks will be applied usefully for measuring colon transit time.

Tissue Engineering of Vascular Prosthetic Grafts Using Autogenous Vein Cells

PURPOSE: To investigate bioartificial vessels capable of being used for vascular grafts, we studied cell-polymer constructs from venous smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and biodegradable scaffolds using the canine model. METHODS: Scaffolds constructed from 50/50 poly (D,L-Lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) were created with pores containing gelatin particles. Disk type scaffolds were used as templates of cell attachment and vascular tissue regeneration. SMCs were isolated from canine external jugular veins and primary SMCs cultures were produced with the explant-derived method. SMCs were seeded into the scaffolds and cultured statically for 4 weeks. The cell-polymer constructs were examined histochemically and using scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: The SMCs obtained by the explant-derived method were confirmed with immunohistochemical staining using an anti-smooth muscle actin antibody. Four weeks after the SMCs were seeded into the scaffold, histological examination showed SMCs infiltration into the scaffold wall and scanning electron microscopy revealed the SMCs mass which resembled tissue on the scaffold surface. CONCLUSION: This is a pilot study for the constructing artificial vessels using tissue engineering. The construction of the ideal scaffold for vessel and the improvement of culture methods in vitro are the most important parts in this field.

Autogenous Mucosa-Lined Tracheal Prosthesis / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Reliable prosthetic or tissue graft of trachea for reconstruction of large, circumferential tracheal defect has not yet been developed. The major limitations in this area have been anastomotic dehiscence and stenosis, which are attributed to poor epithelialization and vascularization of prosthetic grafts. MATERIALS AND METHOD: We developed a new tracheal prosthesis which has a viable lined mucosa and is well-vascularized. The prosthesis consists of Prolene mesh reinforced with polypropylene rings, and is coated with gelatin. We lined the luminal surface of the prosthesis with transplanted autogenous oral mucosa and wrapped the prosthesis with greater omentum. Animal experiments were performed using 8 adult Mongrel dogs. RESULTS: The transplanted mucosa and the greater omentum that was wrapped were tightly adhered to the prosthesis to make a single unit within two weeks. The mucosa survived well, having been vascularized by new vessels from the greater omentum, and showed normal histology. CONCLUSION: We concluded that this highly biocompatible tracheal prosthesis could be very useful for stage4 reconstruction of tracheal defects.

The Development of Kolomark(TM), A Korean Radio-opaque Marker for Measuring Colon Transit Time / 대한소화관운동학회지

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Colon transit time is a useful method for assessing colonic motor function and classifying the type of idiopathic chronic constipation. Among various methods, a radio-opaque marker study is a simple, reproducible and economical method. The commonly used marker, Sitzmarks(R)(Konsyl Pharmaceuticals Inc. Texas) had limitations in its use due to expensiveness and difficulty in importation. We thought that a new domestic marker comparable to Sitzmarks(R) was necessary and we developed Kolomark (Korean colon marker)(TM). The radio-opaqueness of Kolomark(TM) was compared to that of Sitzmarks(R). METHODS: In two 1000ml of beakers, 350ml of rice-gruel, several chicken-bones and ten rings of Sitzmarks(R) and Kolomark(TM) were mixed separately. Then, X-ray films of the two beakers were taken. The digital image file was analyzed by image(R), a medical image processing program, and the value of pixels were obtained. These were repeated five times. RESULTS: The mean value of pixel of Kolomark(TM) was much lower than that of Sitzmarks(R). The difference between background or beaker and Kolomark(TM) was much greater than that of Sitzmarks. CONCLUSION: Kolomark(TM), a Korean colon marker which is more radio-opaque and cheaper than Sitzmarks(R) is developed and further study is needed to prove its clinical usefulness.